This post is the base of a presentation/discussion with the New Media for Science group at Sydney University about my perspective and experience on ebook publishing.
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An important first point: the rise of ebooks and other forms of online publishing is not about stopping print; it’s about:
Broadening the delivery options for your work.
Building a community with your readers.
An important second point is a simple one: there’s no one simple answer about how best to publish ebooks, or similar, in this area right now. We are all experimenting and that can be expensive and time-consuming. But because of this, now is the time to innovate and come up with exciting new ways of delivering work.
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I used to think that online publishing would take a similar shape to print publishing, that is, new filters (publishers) would appear and we would come to trust them and know to go to them for the most important and reliable information.
My idea has now changed a little. Social media and mobile devices have transformed publishing opportunities to the point where we are now all peers – of a sort – with access to a vast array of information that we can make successful, or not, through our own small inputs and comments. Those who trust us do the same, ultimately creating a wave of influence as broad and powerful as any print publisher could hope for.
It’s just that we do it ourselves. Most likely without the aid of anything other than the author showing us what they’re written by posting it online. It’s the reader (feedback, communication) that’s important, not the brand (imprint, URL).
Publishing effectively
Portability is the transformation that should compel you to publish your work online: the impact of the iPhone, iPad – and the wealth of tablets about to be launched – cannot be ignored for those involved in the generation or publishing of ideas.
Not only is online publishing now portable, but these devices allow us to converse and engage with readers more than ever before – providing amazing opportunities for academics. The key to understanding why these opportunities are so important to embrace is taking a step back and looking at your fundamental role.
Anyone involved in ideas' generation should be looking at how they can communicate their ideas most effectively to the world.
Effectiveness of communication could be measured many ways, but put simply, I see it as getting your message out to as many people as possible in the most efficient and cost-effective way.
This means looking at the tools available to you to reach your audience and as academics, your audience is not only your peers but your students too – and where are they going for their information:
Google, blogs, social media, etc.
So you need to be discussing your work and communicating with your readers in their own spaces. You cannot expect people only to come to you; you must be out there for them in their community and helping to build it.
Building a community means being open and accessible.
Currently, academic success is based largely on a measurement of publishing success and output: journals, peers, articles, citations, or your publisher and their reputation. It’s a closed circle of specialists. An ivory tower scenario, largely passing over those from outside this environment.
Measurement in the future will probably be increasingly about where you stand in your broad and global online community, which will include your students, and others from outside your traditional academic world. The important thing is to be accessible and to be able to be found.
So how can you be accessible and where should you be to be found? This diagram gives an indication of places that are currently important – it’s not exhaustive and will probably change … quickly.
You’ll notice that ebook and book are just the beginning. And by ebook, I don’t mean a PDF on your website. I mean an electronic copy of your work in a completely different style to your hardcopy version, perhaps in epub format, or as an App-type publication with interactivity to help create your community: links to further information, other pieces of your work, videos, podcasts, or wikis.
This is a circle of communication where your research may be commented upon, tweeted, blogged and then, hopefully, people may seek out your book. If managed well and openly, it could be an endless loop with you and your work at the centre.
It may seem like a lot of work to publish across all these platforms. It’s not that bad. These can be set up with cascading links, so with one click you can send out to your blog, LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter.
Books and ebooks: the pros and cons
Looking at the pros and cons of books and ebooks from both the author and publisher perspectives gives a more rounded understanding of what each party faces and which format might be best for your work:
Book
Pros: established delivery methods; traditional user-friendly format; may be useful for driving sales of enhanced online editions (ebooks, website visits) through word of mouth discussion by readers.
Cons: expensive production and distribution; unsatisfactory retail environment (lack of control over supply and stock availability, expensive delivery with distribution accounting for approximately 70% of the retail price); rarely deal directly with purchaser.
ebooks
Pros: international distribution; direct promotion; immediate delivery; easily updated; cheaper production and distribution; author may deal direct with buyer.
Cons: lower price point; piracy/security problems; reading device market is fragmented and not well-established.
Blog/website
Pros: active editorial; easily updatable; immediate; sponsorship and advertising possible; can sell ebook or hardcopy to visitors.
Cons: cannot charge for content
Reading devices
While there are many platforms available for selling your book, by focussing on a few you can get 80% or so of the current market. Here are the three main readers at the moment:
Amazon Kindle – Can be read and synced on Kindle, iPhone, iPad, PC, Mac, Android device, and BlackBerry. Wireless connectivity. Battery lasts 1 month with wireless off, or 10 days in full use. Can read epub, and PDF formats. Black and white e-ink screen.
Sony Reader – Can buy books from the Sony Reader Shop (not in Australia yet), but can use other sites such as Books on Board or Smashwords. One battery charge lasts 2 weeks. No wireless connectivity. Can read epub, PDF, Word, Text, RTF formats. Black and white eink screen.
iPad – Many apps available to read pretty much any type of ebook format. Battery life is short; an issue if you are from power for more than 1 day. Wireless connectivity (3g model). Colour LCD screen.
Both the Kindle and Sony are quite restricted in terms of the file security (DRM). The iPad is freer due to the fact that you have multiple App options available to you all the time on 1 device.
A final note: publishing for money vs publishing for effectiveness
On the whole, commercial publishers see the growth of electronic publishing as a somewhat expensive annoyance to their traditional sales avenues – this is because they are looking from a sales and marketing / revenue perspective – not purely an effectiveness perspective. Ebooks being just another cost they must bear in an already difficult economic environment – and working under an already difficult business model, where cheap online bookshops are undercutting consignment-based high street stores.
Books purchased online from overseas are usually cheaper than those available at your local Dymocks – and ebooks are generally cheaper again.
It’s fundamentally difficult making profits from products that are time-consuming to produce, heavy to transport and sold at low retail prices online or in shops.
Academic publishing has always been a little different to retail, trade publishing, as it’s called. Academic publishers rely on textbooks for the bulk of their income and profits, and these profits allow them to publish monographs – more often than not for the advancement of learning rather than to make a profit from them.